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Compare Qatar (2001) - Sri Lanka (2002)

Compare Qatar (2001) z Sri Lanka (2002)

 Qatar (2001)Sri Lanka (2002)
 QatarSri Lanka
Administrative divisions 9 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ad Dawhah, Al Ghuwayriyah, Al Jumayliyah, Al Khawr, Al Wakrah, Ar Rayyan, Jarayan al Batinah, Madinat ash Shamal, Umm Salal 8 provinces; Central, North Central, North Eastern, North Western, Sabaragamuwa, Southern, Uva, Western; note - North Eastern province may have been divided in two - Northern and Eastern
Age structure 0-14 years:
25.77% (male 101,155; female 97,086)

15-64 years:
71.75% (male 391,178; female 160,665)

65 years and over:
2.48% (male 13,625; female 5,443) (2001 est.)
0-14 years: 25.6% (male 2,559,246; female 2,446,393)


15-64 years: 67.7% (male 6,446,320; female 6,802,515)


65 years and over: 6.7% (male 628,398; female 693,911) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products fruits, vegetables; poultry, dairy products, beef; fish rice, sugarcane, grains, pulses, oilseed, spices, tea, rubber, coconuts; milk, eggs, hides, beef
Airports 4 (2000 est.) 15 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways total:
2

over 3,047 m:
2 (2000 est.)
total: 14


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 7


914 to 1,523 m: 6 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
1

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
total: 1 1


under 914 m: 1 (2002)
Area total:
11,437 sq km

land:
11,437 sq km

water:
0 sq km
total: 65,610 sq km


land: 64,740 sq km


water: 870 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Connecticut slightly larger than West Virginia
Background Ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-1800s, Qatar transformed itself from a poor British protectorate noted mainly for pearling into an independent state with significant oil and natural gas revenues. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Qatari economy was crippled by a continuous siphoning off of petroleum revenues by the amir who had ruled the country since 1972. He was overthrown by his son, the current Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, in a bloodless coup in 1995. In 2001, Qatar resolved its longstanding border disputes with both Bahrain and Saudi Arabia. Oil and natural gas revenues enable Qatar to have a per capita income not far below the leading industrial countries of Western Europe. The Sinhalese arrived in Sri Lanka late in the 6th century B.C., probably from northern India. Buddhism was introduced beginning in about the mid-3rd century B.C. and a great civilization developed at such cities as Anuradhapura (kingdom from c. 200 B.C. to c. 1000 A.D.) and Polonnaruwa (c. 1070 to 1200). In the 14th century, a south Indian dynasty seized power in the north and established a Tamil kingdom. Occupied by the Portuguese in the 16th century and by the Dutch in the 17th century, the island was ceded to the British in 1796 and became a crown colony in 1802. As Ceylon it became independent in 1948; its name was changed in 1972. Tensions between the Sinhalese majority and Tamil separatists erupted in violence in the mid-1980s. Tens of thousands have died in an ethnic war that continues to fester.
Birth rate 15.91 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 16.36 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget revenues:
$3.9 billion

expenditures:
$4 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (1999 est.)
revenues: $2.8 billion


expenditures: $4.1 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
Capital Doha Colombo; note - Sri Jayewardenepura Kotte is the legislative capital
Climate desert; hot, dry; humid and sultry in summer tropical monsoon; northeast monsoon (December to March); southwest monsoon (June to October)
Coastline 563 km 1,340 km
Constitution provisional constitution enacted 19 April 1972; in July 1999 Amir HAMAD issued a decree forming a committee to draft a permanent constitution adopted 16 August 1978
Country name conventional long form:
State of Qatar

conventional short form:
Qatar

local long form:
Dawlat Qatar

local short form:
Qatar

note:
closest approximation of the native pronunciation falls between cutter and gutter, but not like guitar
conventional long form: Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka


conventional short form: Sri Lanka


former: Serendib, Ceylon
Currency Qatari rial (QAR) Sri Lankan rupee (LKR)
Death rate 4.26 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 6.45 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external $13.1 billion (2000 est.) $9.9 billion (2000)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Elizabeth Davenport MCKUNE

embassy:
22 February Road, Doha

mailing address:
P. O. Box 2399, Doha

telephone:
[974] 488 4101

FAX:
[974] 488 4298

note:
workweek is Saturday-Wednesday
chief of mission: Ambassador E. Ashley WILLS


embassy: 210 Galle Road, Colombo 3


mailing address: P. O. Box 106, Colombo


telephone: [94] (1) 448007


FAX: [94] (1) 437345
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Badr Umar al-DAFA

chancery:
4200 Wisconsin Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20016

telephone:
[1] (202) 274-1600

FAX:
[1] (202) 237-0061

consulate(s) general:
Houston
chief of mission: Ambassador Devinda R. SUBASINGHE



chancery: 2148 Wyoming Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 483-4025 (through 4028)


FAX: [1] (202) 232-7181


consulate(s) general: Los Angeles


consulate(s): New York
Disputes - international in March of 2001, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) awarded the Hawar Islands to Bahrain and adjusted its maritime boundary with Qatar; a final border resolution was agreed to with Saudi Arabia in March of 2001 none
Economic aid - recipient $NA $577 million (1998) (1998)
Economy - overview Oil accounts for more than 30% of GDP, roughly 80% of export earnings, and 66% of government revenues. Proved oil reserves of 3.7 billion barrels should ensure continued output at current levels for 23 years. Oil has given Qatar a per capita GDP comparable to that of the leading West European industrial countries. Qatar's proved reserves of natural gas exceed 7 trillion cubic meters, more than 5% of the world total, third largest in the world. Production and export of natural gas are becoming increasingly important. Long-term goals feature the development of offshore petroleum and the diversification of the economy. In 2000, Qatar posted its highest ever trade surplus of $6 billion, due mainly to high oil prices and increased natural gas exports. In 1977, Colombo abandoned statist economic policies and its import substitution trade policy for market-oriented policies and export-oriented trade. Sri Lanka's most dynamic sectors now are food processing, textiles and apparel, food and beverages, telecommunications, and insurance and banking. By 1996 plantation crops made up only 20% of exports (compared with 93% in 1970), while textiles and garments accounted for 63%. GDP grew at an average annual rate of 5.5% throughout the 1990s until a drought and a deteriorating security situation lowered growth to 3.8% in 1996. The economy rebounded in 1997-2000 with average growth of 5.3%. But 2001 saw the first contraction in the country's history, due to a combination of power shortages, severe budgetary problems, the global slowdown, and continuing civil strife.
Electricity - consumption 8.37 billion kWh (1999) 6.156 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production 9 billion kWh (1999) 6.619 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
100%

hydro:
0%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel: 32%


hydro: 68%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Persian Gulf 0 m

highest point:
Qurayn Abu al Bawl 103 m
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: Pidurutalagala 2,524 m
Environment - current issues limited natural fresh water resources are increasing dependence on large-scale desalination facilities deforestation; soil erosion; wildlife populations threatened by poaching and urbanization; coastal degradation from mining activities and increased pollution; freshwater resources being polluted by industrial wastes and sewage runoff; waste disposal; air pollution in Colombo
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection

signed, but not ratified:
Law of the Sea
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Marine Life Conservation
Ethnic groups Arab 40%, Pakistani 18%, Indian 18%, Iranian 10%, other 14% Sinhalese 74%, Tamil 18%, Moor 7%, Burgher, Malay, and Vedda 1%
Exchange rates Qatari rials per US dollar - 3.6400 (fixed rate) Sri Lankan rupees per US dollar - 93.383 (January 2002), 89.383 (2001), 77.005 (2000), 70.635 (1999), 64.450 (1998), 58.995 (1997)
Executive branch chief of state:
Amir HAMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani (since 27 June 1995 when, as crown prince, he ousted his father, Amir KHALIFA bin Hamad Al Thani, in a bloodless coup); Crown Prince JASSIM bin Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, third son of the monarch (selected crown prince by the monarch 22 October 1996); note - Amir HAMAD also holds the positions of minister of defense and commander-in-chief of the armed forces

head of government:
Prime Minister ABDALLAH bin Khalifa Al Thani, brother of the monarch (since 30 October 1996); Deputy Prime Minister MUHAMMAD bin Khalifa Al Thani, brother of the monarch (since 20 January 1998)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the monarch

elections:
none; the monarch is hereditary

note:
in March 1999 Qatar held nationwide elections for a 29-member Central Municipal Council, which has consultative powers aimed at improving the provision of municipal services
chief of state: President Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA (since 12 November 1994); note - Ranil WICKREMASINGHE (since 9 December 2001) is the prime minister; in Sri Lanka the president is considered both the chief of state and head of government, in contrast to the more common practice of dividing the roles between the president and the prime minister when both offices exist


head of government: President Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA (since 12 November 1994); note - Ranil WICKREMASINGHE (since 9 December 2001) is the prime minister; in Sri Lanka the president is considered both the chief of state and head of government, in contrast to the more common practice of dividing the roles between the president and the prime minister when both offices exist


cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president in consultation with the prime minister


elections: president elected by popular vote for a six-year term; election last held 21 December 1999 (next to be held NA December 2005)


election results: Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA reelected president; percent of vote - Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA (PA) 51%, Ranil WICKREMASINGHE (UNP) 42%, other 7%
Exports $9.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $4.9 billion f.o.b. (2001)
Exports - commodities petroleum products 80%, fertilizers, steel textiles and apparel 15%, tea, diamonds, coconut products, petroleum products
Exports - partners Japan 52%, Singapore 9%, South Korea 8%, US, UAE (1998) US 39%, UK 13%, Middle East 8%, Germany 4%, Japan 4% (2000)
Fiscal year 1 April - 31 March calendar year
Flag description maroon with a broad white serrated band (nine white points) on the hoist side yellow with two panels; the smaller hoist-side panel has two equal vertical bands of green (hoist side) and orange; the other panel is a large dark red rectangle with a yellow lion holding a sword, and there is a yellow bo leaf in each corner; the yellow field appears as a border around the entire flag and extends between the two panels
GDP purchasing power parity - $15.1 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $62.7 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
1%

industry:
49%

services:
50% (1996 est.)
agriculture: 21%


industry: 27%


services: 52% (2000)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $20,300 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $3,250 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 4% (2000 est.) -1% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates 25 30 N, 51 15 E 7 00 N, 81 00 E
Geography - note strategic location in central Persian Gulf near major petroleum deposits strategic location near major Indian Ocean sea lanes
Heliports 1 (2000 est.) -
Highways total:
1,230 km

paved:
1,107 km

unpaved:
123 km (1996)
total: 11,285 km


paved: 10,721 km


unpaved: 564 km (1998 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
lowest 10%: 4%


highest 10%: 28% (1995)
Imports $3.8 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $6 billion f.o.b. (2001)
Imports - commodities machinery and transport equipment, food, chemicals machinery and equipment, textiles, petroleum, foodstuffs
Imports - partners UK 10%, Japan 8%, Germany 6%, US 6%, Italy 6% (1998) Japan 9%, India 8%, Hong Kong 7%, Singapore 7%, South Korea 5% (2000)
Independence 3 September 1971 (from UK) 4 February 1948 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate NA% 1.4% (2001)
Industries crude oil production and refining, fertilizers, petrochemicals, steel reinforcing bars, cement rubber processing, tea, coconuts, and other agricultural commodities; clothing, cement, petroleum refining, textiles, tobacco
Infant mortality rate 21.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 15.65 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2.5% (2000) 14.2% (2001 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, AFESD, AL, AMF, CCC, ESCWA, FAO, G-77, GCC, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFAD, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OIC, OPCW, OPEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO AsDB, C, CCC, CP, ESCAP, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, NAM, OAS (observer), OPCW, PCA, SAARC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNU, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2000) 5 (2000)
Irrigated land 80 sq km (1993 est.) 6,510 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch Court of Appeal Supreme Court; Court of Appeals; judges for both courts are appointed by the president
Labor force 233,000 (1993 est.) 6.6 million (1998)
Labor force - by occupation - services 45%, agriculture 38%, industry 17% (1998 est.)
Land boundaries total:
60 km

border countries:
Saudi Arabia 60 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
1%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
5%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
94% (1993 est.)
arable land: 13.43%


permanent crops: 15.78%


other: 70.79% (1998 est.)
Languages Arabic (official), English commonly used as a second language Sinhala (official and national language) 74%, Tamil (national language) 18%, other 8%


note: English is commonly used in government and is spoken competently by about 10% of the population
Legal system discretionary system of law controlled by the amir, although civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law is significant in personal matters a highly complex mixture of English common law, Roman-Dutch, Muslim, Sinhalese, and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura (35 seats; members appointed)

note:
the constitution calls for elections for part of this consultative body, but no elections have been held since 1970, when there were partial elections to the body; Council members have their terms extended every four years since
unicameral Parliament (225 seats; members elected by popular vote on the basis of a modified proportional representation system by district to serve six-year terms)


elections: last held 7 December 2001 (next to be held NA December 2007)


election results: percent of vote by party or electoral alliance - UNP, SLMC and CWC 46.8%, PA and EPDP 38%, JVP 9.1%, Tamil National Alliance 3.89%, PLOTE 0.19%; seats by party or electoral alliance - UNP, SLMC and CWC 114, PA and EPDP 79, JVP 16, Tamil National Alliance 15, PLOTE 1
Life expectancy at birth total population:
72.62 years

male:
70.16 years

female:
75.21 years (2001 est.)
total population: 72.35 years


male: 69.83 years


female: 75 years (2002 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
79%

male:
79%

female:
80% (1995 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 90.2%


male: 93.4%


female: 87.2% (1995 est.)
Location Middle East, peninsula bordering the Persian Gulf and Saudi Arabia Southern Asia, island in the Indian Ocean, south of India
Map references Middle East Asia
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

exclusive economic zone:
as determined by bilateral agreements or the median line

territorial sea:
12 NM
contiguous zone: 24 NM


continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin


exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine total:
25 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 677,992 GRT/1,049,447 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 10, combination ore/oil 2, container 7, petroleum tanker 6 (2000 est.)
total: 18 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 137,321 GRT/233,367 DWT


ships by type: bulk 1, cargo 15, container 1, petroleum tanker 1, includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Germany 9, Hong Kong 1, United Arab Emirates 1 (2002 est.)
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force, Public Security Army, Navy, Air Force, Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure $723 million (FY00/01) $719 million (FY98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 10% (FY00/01) 4.2% (FY98)
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
312,116

note:
includes non-nationals (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 5,347,153 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
163,642 (2001 est.)
males age 15-49: 4,148,825 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age 18 years of age 18 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
6,797 (2001 est.)
males: 193,522 (2002 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 3 September (1971) Independence Day, 4 February (1948)
Nationality noun:
Qatari(s)

adjective:
Qatari
noun: Sri Lankan(s)


adjective: Sri Lankan
Natural hazards haze, dust storms, sandstorms common occasional cyclones and tornadoes
Natural resources petroleum, natural gas, fish limestone, graphite, mineral sands, gems, phosphates, clay, hydropower
Net migration rate 20.12 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) -1.39 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 235 km; natural gas 400 km crude oil and petroleum products 62 km (1987)
Political parties and leaders none All Ceylon Tamil Congress or ACTC [KUMARGURUPARAM]; Ceylon Workers Congress or CWC [Arumugam THONDAMAN]; Communist Party or CP [D. GUNASEKERA]; Democratic United National (Lalith) Front or DUNLF [Shrimani ATULATHMUDALI]; Eelam People's Democratic Party or EPDP [Douglas DEVANANDA]; Eelam People's Revolutionary Liberation Front or EPRLF [Suresh PREMACHANDRAN]; Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna or JVP [Tilvan SILVA]; National Unity Alliance or NUA [Ferial ASHRAFF]; People's Alliance or PA [Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA]; People's Liberation Organization of Tamil Eelam or PLOTE [leader NA]; Sihala Urumaya or SU [Tilak KARUNARATNE]; Sri Lanka Freedom Party or SLFP [Chandrika Bandaranaike KUMARATUNGA]; Sri Lanka Muslim Congress or SLMC [Rauff HAKEEM]; Sri Lanka Progressive Front or SLPF [P. Nelson PERERA]; Tamil Eelam Liberation Organization or TELO [SABARATNAM]; Tamil National Alliance or TNA [Nadarajah RAVIRAJ]; Tamil United Liberation Front or TULF [R. SAMPATHAN]; United National Party or UNP [Ranil WICKREMASINGHE]; Upcountry People's Front or UPF [P. CHANDRASEKARAN]; several ethnic Tamil and Muslim parties, represented in either Parliament or provincial councils
Political pressure groups and leaders none Buddhist clergy; labor unions; Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam or LTTE [Velupillai PRABHAKARAN](insurgent group fighting for a separate state); radical chauvinist Sinhalese groups such as the National Movement Against Terrorism; Sinhalese Buddhist lay groups
Population 769,152 (July 2001 est.) 19,576,783


note: since the outbreak of hostilities between the government and armed Tamil separatists in the mid-1980s, several hundred thousand Tamil civilians have fled the island; as of mid-1999, approximately 66,000 were housed in 133 refugee camps in south India, another 40,000 lived outside the Indian camps, and more than 200,000 Tamils have sought refuge in the West (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 22% (1997 est.)
Population growth rate 3.18% (2001 est.) 0.85% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors Doha, Halul Island, Umm Sa'id (Musay'id) Colombo, Galle, Jaffna, Trincomalee
Radio broadcast stations AM 6, FM 5, shortwave 1 (1998) AM 26, FM 45, shortwave 1 (1998)
Radios 256,000 (1997) 3.85 million (1997)
Railways 0 km total: 1,463 km


broad gauge: 1,404 km 1.676-m gauge


narrow gauge: 59 km 0.762-m gauge (2001)
Religions Muslim 95% Buddhist 70%, Hindu 15%, Christian 8%, Muslim 7% (1999)
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
2.43 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
2.5 male(s)/female

total population:
1.92 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.91 male(s)/female


total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage suffrage is limited to municipal elections 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
modern system centered in Doha

domestic:
NA

international:
tropospheric scatter to Bahrain; microwave radio relay to Saudi Arabia and UAE; submarine cable to Bahrain and UAE; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Atlantic Ocean and 1 Indian Ocean) and 1 Arabsat
general assessment: very inadequate domestic service, particularly in rural areas; likely improvement with privatization of national telephone company and encouragement to private investment; good international service (1999)


domestic: national trunk network consists mostly of digital microwave radio relay; fiber-optic links now in use in Colombo area and two fixed wireless local loops have been installed; competition is strong in mobile cellular systems; telephone density remains low at 2.6 main lines per 100 persons (1999)


international: submarine cables to Indonesia and Djibouti; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Indian Ocean) (1999)
Telephones - main lines in use 142,000 (1997) 494,509 (1998)
Telephones - mobile cellular 43,476 (1997) 228,604 (1999)
Television broadcast stations 2 (plus three repeaters) (1997) 21 (1997)
Terrain mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel mostly low, flat to rolling plain; mountains in south-central interior
Total fertility rate 3.17 children born/woman (2001 est.) 1.93 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate NA% 7.7% (2001)
Waterways none 430 km (navigable by shallow-draft craft)
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